Looking for:
Windows 10 1703 download iso italy traveling wilburys |
Saturday, January 21, 2023
Windows 10 1703 download iso italy traveling wilburys.Full text of "百科全书指南"
Windows 10 1703 download iso italy traveling wilburys -
In his orchestral works Brahms displays an unmistakable and highly distinctive deployment of tone colour, especially in his use of woodwind and brass instruments and in his string writing, but the important thing about it is that colour is deployed, rather than laid on for its own sake. Brahms was peculiarly adapted to the more subtle aspects of the relation between orchestra and soloist, and he set himself to recover the depth and grandeur of the concerto idea.
He realized that the long introductory passage of the orchestra was the means of sharpening and deepening the complex relationship of orchestra to solo, especially when the time came for recapitulation, where an entirely new and often revelatory distribution of themes, keys, instrumentation, and tensions was possible.
Brahms also was a masterly miniaturist, not only in many of his fine and varied songs but also in his cunningly wrought late piano works. As a song composer, he ranged 96 Johannes Brahms from the complex and highly organized to the extremely simple, strophic type. His late piano music, most of which is of small dimension, has a quiet and intense quality of its own that renders the occasional outburst of angry passion the more potent. A German Requiem , one of the choral masterpieces of its period, shows all his characteristics in this field together with an ability to integrate solo and tutti with the same kind of subtlety as in the concerti.
SIR W S. May 29,, Harrow Weald, Middlesex ; b. May 13,, London, Eng. Gilbert began to write in an age of rhymed couplets, puns, and travesty; his early work exhibits the facetiousness common to writers of extravaganza.
As a librettist, Gilbert is outstanding not only because of his gift for handling words and casting them in musical shapes but also because through his words he offered the composer opportunities for burlesquing musical conventions. He was called to the bar in November Sullivan was the son of an Irish musician who became bandmaster at the Royal Military College; his mother was of Italian descent.
Sterndale Bennett and Sir John Goss. He continued his studies at the Leipzig Conservatory. In he became organist of St. Then followed his Kenilworth cantata ; a ballet, Tile enchantee, produced at Covent Garden where Sullivan was organist for a time ; a symphony and a cello concerto; the In Memoriam and the Overturn di Ballo overtures; and numerous songs.
Gilbert promptly wrote Dulcamara, or the Little 98 Sir W. An operetta, the Contrabandista, also on a libretto by Burnand, was produced in the same year.
In Gilbert met Sullivan, and they started working together the following year. Together they created Thespis, or the Gods Grown Old first performance and Trial by Jury , a brilliant one-act piece that won instant popularity and ran for more than a year. By this time, however, relations between the partners had become strained, partly because Sullivan aimed higher than comic opera and because Gilbert was plagued by a jealous and petty nature when it came to financial matters.
Arupture occurred, and the two were estranged until , when they again collaborated, producing Utopia Limited and later The Grand Duke Aside from his work with Sullivan, Gilbert wrote several popular burlesques for the dramatic stage: Sweethearts , Engaged , and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern He also created librettos for other composers; the music for his last opera, Fallen Fairies, or the Wicked World , was by Edward German. His last play, The Hooligan, was performed in Gilbert was knighted in In Sullivan accepted the principalship of the National Training School for Music later the Royal College of Music , which he held for five years; he was active as a conductor, particularly at the Leeds Lestivals from to He was knighted in Petersburg P yotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is largely regarded as the most popular Russian composer of all time.
His oeuvre includes 7 symphonies, 11 operas, 3 ballets, 5 suites, 3 piano concertos, a violin concerto, 11 overtures strictly speaking, 3 overtures and 8 single movement programmatic orchestral works , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 4 cantatas, 20 choral works, 3 string quartets, a string sextet, and more than songs and piano pieces. Early Years Tchaikovsky was the second of six surviving children of Ilya Tchaikovsky, a manager of the Kamsko-Votkinsk metal works, and Alexandra Assier, a descendant of French emigres.
He manifested a clear interest in music from childhood, and his earliest musical impressions came from an orchestrina in the family home. At age four he made his first recorded attempt at composition, a song written with his younger sister Alexandra. Petersburg, a boarding institution for young boys, where he spent nine years.
He proved a diligent and successful student who was popular among his peers. At the same time Tchaikovsky formed in this all-male environment intense emotional ties with several of his schoolmates. In his mother fell victim to cholera and died.
At age 17 Tchaikovsky came under the influence of the Italian singing instructor Luigi Piccioli, and thereafter Tchaikovsky developed a lifelong passion for Italian music. In the summer of he traveled outside Russia for the first time, visiting Germany, France, and England, and in October of that year he began attending music classes offered by the recently founded Russian The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time Musical Society.
When St. Petersburg Conservatory opened the following fall, Tchaikovsky was among its first students. Tchaikovsky spent nearly three years at St. Petersburg Conservatory, studying harmony and counterpoint with Nikolay Zaremba and composition and instrumentation with Anton Rubinstein. Among his earliest orchestral works was an overture entitled The Storm composed , a mature attempt at dramatic program music. He found teaching difficult, but his friendship with the director, Nikolay Rubinstein, helped make it bearable.
Petersburg in April In his early operas the young composer experienced difficulty in striking a balance between creative fervour and his ability to assess critically the work in progress. The concerto premiered successfully in Boston in October , with Hans von Biilow as the soloist. During the summer of , Tchaikovsky composed Symphony No. In November he put the final touches on his symphonic fantasia Francesca da Rimini, a work with which he felt particularly pleased. Although homosexuality was officially illegal in Russia, the authorities tolerated it among the upper classes.
This experience forced Tchaikovsky to recognize that he could not find respectability through social conventions and that his sexual orientation could not be changed. The year saw the beginning of the extraordinary relationship that developed between Tchaikovsky and Nadezhda von Meek, the widow of a wealthy railroad tycoon; it became an important component of their lives for the next 14 years.
Agreat admirer of his work, she chose to become his patroness and eventually arranged for him a regular monthly allowance; this enabled him in to resign from the conservatory and devote his efforts to writing music. Thereafter he could afford to spend the winters in Europe and return to Russia each summer. Early in he finished several of his most famous compositions —the opera Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Eugene Onegin, the Symphony No.
From December to August he worked on the opera The Maid of Orleans, which was not particularly well received. His other major achievements of this period include Serenade for Strings in C Major, Opus 48 , Capriccio italien , and the Overture Final Years At the beginning of , tired of his peregrinations, Tchaikovsky settled down in a rented country house near Klin, outside of Moscow.
There he adopted a regular daily routine that included reading, walking in the forest, composing in the mornings and the afternoons, and playing piano duets with friends in the evenings. At the January premiere of his opera Cherevichki, he finally overcame his longstanding fear of conducting.
Moreover, at the end of December he embarked upon his first European concert tour as a conductor, which included Leipzig, Berlin, Prague, Hamburg, Paris, and London. He met with great success and made a second tour in During the winter of , while staying in Florence, he concentrated on his third Pushkin opera, The Ipueen of Spades, which was written in just 44 days and is considered one of his finest.
Later that year Tchaikovsky was informed by Nadezhda von Meek that she was close to ruin and could not continue his allowance. This was followed by the cessation of their correspondence, a circumstance that caused Tchaikovsky considerable anguish. Upon his return to Russia, he completed his last two compositions for the stage —the one-act opera Iolanta and a two-act ballet Nutcracker In February he began working on his Symphony No.
His world stature was confirmed by his triumphant European and American tours and his acceptance in June of an honorary doctorate from the University of Cambridge. On October 21 he suddenly became ill and was diagnosed with cholera, an epidemic that was sweeping through St. Despite all medical efforts to save him, he died four days later from complications arising from the disease.
I talian composer Giacomo Puccini in full, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini was one of the greatest exponents of operatic realism, who virtually brought the history of Italian opera to an end. Early Life and Marriage Puccini was the last descendant of a family that for two centuries had provided the musical directors of the Cathedral of San Martino in Lucca. Puccini initially dedicated himself to music, therefore, not as a personal vocation but as a family profession.
When Giacomo was five, his father died, and the municipality of Lucca supported the family with a small pension, keeping the position of cathedral organist open for the young Puccini until he came of age. In the autumn of he went to study at the Milan Conservatory, where his principal teachers were Antonio Bazzini, a famous violinist and composer of chamber music, and Amilcare Ponchielli, the composer of the opera La gioconda.
On July 16, , he received his diploma and presented as his graduation composition Capriccio sinfonico, an instrumental work that attracted the attention of influential musical circles in Milan. In the same year, he entered Le villi in a competition for one- act operas. The music publisher Giulio Ricordi immediately acquired the copyright, with the The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time stipulation that the opera be expanded to two acts.
After the death of his mother, Puccini fled from Lucca with a married woman, Elvira Gemignani. Finding in their passion the courage to defy the truly enormous scandal generated by their illegal union, they lived at first in Monza, near Milan, where a son, Antonio, was born.
Beginning with this opera, Puccini carefully selected the subjects for his operas and spent considerable time on the preparation of the librettos.
These four mature works also tell a moving love story, one that centres entirely on the feminine protagonist and ends in a tragic resolution. All four speak the same refined and limpid musical language of the orchestra that creates the subtle play of thematic reminiscences. The music always emerges from the words, indissolubly bound to their meaning and to the images they evoke.
The first performance Feb. In , having spent the summer in Cairo, the Puccinis returned to Torre del Lago, and Giacomo devoted himself to Fanciulla.
Elvira unexpectedly became jealous of Doria Manfredi, a young servant from the village who had been employed for several years by the Puccinis. She drove Doria from the house threatening to kill her. Subsequently, the servant girl poisoned herself, and the Manfredis brought charges against Elvira Puccini for persecution and calumny, creating one of the most famous scandals of the time.
Elvira was found guilty but was not sentenced, and Puccini paid damages to the Manfredis, who withdrew their accusations. It was a great triumph, and with it Puccini reached the end of his mature period. Puccini felt the new century advancing with problems no longer his own. He did not understand contemporary events, such as World War I. His last opera, based on the fable of Turandot as told in the play Turandot by the 18th-century Italian dramatist Carlo Gozzi, is the only Italian opera in the Impressionistic style.
Puccini did not complete Turandot, unable to write a final grand duet on the triumphant love between Turandot and Calaf.
Suffering from cancer of the throat, he was ordered to Brussels for surgery, and a few days afterward he died with the incomplete score of Turandot in his hands. Turandot was performed posthumously at La Scala on April 25, , and Arturo Toscanini, who conducted the performance, concluded the opera at the point Puccini had reached before dying.
Shortly afterward, Elvira and Antonio were also buried there. The Puccini house became a museum and an archive. May 18,, Vienna, Austria ustrian-Jewish composer and conductor Gustav Ajl Mahler is noted for his 10 symphonies and various songs with orchestra, which drew together many different strands of Romanticism.
Although his music was largely ignored for 50 years after his death, Mahler was later regarded as an important forerunner of 20th-century techniques of composition and an acknowledged no Gustav Mahler influence on such composers as Arnold Schoenberg, Dmitry Shostakovich, and Benjamin Britten.
Early Life Mahler was the second of 12 children of an Austrian-Jewish tavern keeper living in the Bohemian village of Kaliste German: Kalischt , in the southwestern corner of the modern Czech Republic. Shortly after his birth the family moved to the nearby town of Jihlava German: Iglau , where Mahler spent his childhood and youth. As part of a German-speaking Austrian minority, he was an outsider among the indigenous Czech population and, as a Jew, an outsider among that Austrian minority; later, in Germany, he was an outsider as both an Austrian from Bohemia and a Jew.
His father had married a delicate woman from a cultured family, and, coming to resent her social superiority, he resorted to physically maltreating her. In consequence Mahler was alienated from his father and had a strong mother fixation. The military and popular styles, together with the sounds of nature, became main sources of his mature inspiration.
Career as a Conductor The next 17 years saw his ascent to the very top of his chosen profession. From conducting musical farces in Austria, he rose through various provincial opera houses to become artistic director of the Vienna Court Opera in , at the age of The three symphonies of his first period Gustav Mahler were conceived on a programmatic basis i.
The five-movement Symphony No. The even vaster Symphony No. The 10 years there represent his more balanced middle period. His newfound faith and his new high office brought a full and confident maturity, which was further stabilized by his marriage in to Alma Maria Schindler, who bore him two daughters, in and He continued his recently acquired habit of devoting his summer vacations, in the Austrian Alps, to composing, and, since, in his case, this involved a ceaseless expenditure of spiritual and nervous energy, he placed an intolerable strain on his frail constitution.
An exception is Symphony No. At the same time, in dispensing with an explicit program and a chorus and coming near to the normal orchestral symphony, it does foreshadow the purely orchestral middle-period trilogy, Gustav Mahler Nos. Between them stands the work Mahler regarded as his Tragic Symphony— the. From these three symphonies onward, he ceased to adapt his songs as whole sections or movements, but in each he introduced subtle allusions, either to his Wunderhorn songs or to his settings of poems by Friedrich Ruckert, including the cycle Kindertotenlieder ; Songs on the Deaths of Children.
Afterward he identified these as presaging the three blows that fell on himself The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time in , the last of which portended his own death: his resignation was demanded at the Vienna Opera, his three- year-old daughter, Maria, died, and a doctor diagnosed his fatal heart disease.
He was obliged to make a new reputation for himself, as a conductor in the United States, directing performances at the Metropolitan Opera and becoming conductor of the Philharmonic Society of New "fork; yet he went back each summer to the Austrian countryside to compose his last works. He returned finally to Vienna, to die there, in The three works constituting his last-period trilogy, none of which he ever heard, are Das Lied von der Erde ; The Song of the Earth , Symphony No.
When he afterward began the actual No. This last-period trilogy marked an even more decisive break with the past than had the middle-period trilogy. In the four-movement No. Growing familiarity with the sketch of No. The five movements of this symphony deal with the same conflict as the two preceding works, but the resignation attained at the end of the finale is entirely affirmative.
Debussy developed a highly original system of harmony and musical structure that expressed in many respects the ideals to which the impressionist and symbolist painters and writers of his time aspired. Early Period Debussy showed a gift as a pianist by the age of nine. While living with his parents in a poverty-stricken suburb of Paris, he unexpectedly came under the patronage of a Russian millionairess, Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meek, who engaged him to play duets with her and her children.
He traveled with her to her palatial residences throughout Europe during the long summer vacations at the Conservatory In Paris during this time he fell in love with a singer, Blanche Yasnier, the beautiful young wife of an architect; she inspired many of his early works. Middle Period As a holder of the Grand Prix de Rome, Debussy was given a three-year stay at the Villa Medici, in Rome, where, under what were supposed to be ideal conditions, he was to pursue his creative work.
Debussy eventually fled from the Villa Medici after two years and returned to Blanche Vasnier in Paris. At this time Debussy lived a life of extreme indulgence. Other early works by Debussy show his affinity with the English Pre-Raphaelite painters; the most notable of these works is La Damoiselle elue , based on The Blessed Damozel , a poem by the English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
Debussy and his librettist, Maurice Maeterlinck, declared that they were haunted in this work by the terrifying nightmare tale of Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher. The style of Pelleas was to be replaced by a bolder, more highly coloured manner. In his seascape La Mer he was inspired by the ideas of the English painter J.
Turner and the French painter Claude Monet. Similarly, he saw that woodwinds need not be employed for fireworks displays; they provide, like the human voice, wide varieties of colour. Debussy also used the brass in original colour transformations. In fact, in his music, the conventional orchestral construction, with its rigid woodwind, brass, and string departments, finds itself undermined or split up in the manner of the Impressionist painters. Ultimately, each instrument becomes almost a soloist, as in a vast chamber-music ensemble.
Finally, Debussy applied an exploratory approach to the piano, the evocative instrument par excellence. It is certain that he would have taken part in the leading movements in composition of the years following World War I. His life, however, was tragically cut short by cancer. March 28,, Beverly Hills, Calif. C omposer Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff was the last great figure of the tradition of Russian Romanticism and a leading piano virtuoso of his time.
He The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time is especially known for his piano concerti and the piece for piano and orchestra entitled Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini Early Life Rachmaninoff was born on an estate belonging to his grandparents, situated near Lake Ilmen in the Novgorod district. His father was a retired army officer and his mother the daughter of a general. His fame and popularity, both as composer and concert pianist, were launched by two compositions: the Prelude in C-sharp Minor , played for the first time in public on Sept.
The concerto, his first major success, revived his hopes after a trying period of inactivity Sergey Rachmaninoff In his youth, Rachmaninoff was subject to emotional crises over the success or failure of his works as well as his personal relationships. The symphony was poorly performed, and the critics condemned it. Although more of an observer than a person politically involved in the revolution, he went with his family, in November , to live in Dresden.
There he wrote three of his major scores: the Symphony No. The last was composed especially for his first concert tour of the United States, highlighting his much-acclaimed pianistic debut on Nov. Piano Concerto No. In Philadelphia and Chicago he appeared with equal success in the role of conductor, interpreting his own symphonic compositions.
Of these, the Symphony No. While touring, he was invited to The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time become permanent conductor of the Boston Symphony, but he declined the offer and returned to Russia in February Later Years After the Russian Revolution of , Rachmaninoff went into his second self-imposed exile, dividing his time between residences in Switzerland and the United States.
Although for the next 25 years he spent most of his time in an English-speaking country, he never mastered its language or thoroughly acclimatized himself. He missed Russia and the Russian people —the sounding board for his music, as he said.
Indeed, he devoted himself almost entirely to concertizing in the United States and Europe, a field in which he had few peers. His only substantial works from this period are the Symphony No. March 28,, New York, N. Handy, changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into then-fashionable ragtime music.
Louis Blues. Going against family tradition, he began to cultivate his interest in music at a young age and learned to play several instruments, including the organ, piano, and guitar; he was a particularly skilled cornetist and trumpet player.
Longing to experience the world beyond Florence, Handy left his hometown in He traveled throughout the Midwest, taking a variety of jobs with several musical groups. He also worked as a teacher in Handy worked during the period of transition from ragtime to jazz. Drawing on the vocal blues melodies of African American folklore, he added harmonizations to his orchestral arrangements.
His work helped develop the conception of the blues as a harmonic framework within The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time which to improvise. His autobiography, Father of the Blues, was published in July 13,, Los Angeles, Calif. A ustrian-American composer Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg also spelled Schonberg created a new method of composition based on a row, or series, of 12 tones — a method described as atonality.
He was also one of the most influential teachers of the 20th century, among his most significant pupils were Alban Berg and Anton Webern. Neither Samuel nor his wife, Pauline nee Nachod , was particularly musical. A little later, when he acquired a viola-playing classmate, he advanced to the writing of string trios for two violins and viola.
When he learned the cello, he promptly began composing quartets. To help the family finances, the young man worked as a bank clerk until During this time he came to know Alexander von Zemlinsky, a rising young composer and conductor of the amateur orchestra Polyhymnia in which Schoenberg played cello.
The two became close friends, and Zemlinsky gave Schoenberg instruction in harmony, counterpoint, and composition. Highly influenced by the style of Brahms, the quartet was well received by Viennese audiences during the and concert seasons. First Major Works Agreat step forward took place in , when Schoenberg composed the string sextet Verklarte Nacht Jr,ansfigured Night , a highly romantic piece of program music unified by a nonmusical story or image.
Consequently, it was not performed until , when it was violently rejected by the public. In Schoenberg decided to move to Berlin, hoping to better his financial position. Back in Vienna in , Schoenberg became acquainted with the Austrian composer Gustav Mahler, who became one of his strongest supporters.
A similar form was used in the more concise Chamber Symphony in E Major , a work novel in its choice of instrumental ensemble: chamber-like group of 15 instruments. Austnan-Amencan composer Arnold Stimulation of his loyal Schoenberg, who pioneered atonal disciples.
However, as his harmonies and melodies became more complex, tonality became of lesser importance. The music was received with wild enthusiasm by the audience, but the embittered Schoenberg could no longer appreciate or acknowledge their response.
In , unable to make a decent living in Vienna, he had moved to Berlin. He remained there until , when, because of wartime emergency, he had to report to Vienna for military service. He spent brief periods in the Austrian Army in and , until he was finally discharged on medical grounds. During the war years he did little composing, partly because of the demands of army service and partly because he was meditating on how to solve the vast structural problems that had been caused by his move away from tonality.
In the tone method, each composition is formed from a special row or series of 12 different tones. This row may be played in its original form, inverted played upside down , played backward, or played backward and inverted. It may also be transposed up or down to any pitch level.
All of it, or any part of it, may be sounded successively as a melody or simultaneously as a harmony. In fact, all harmonies and melodies in the piece must be drawn from this row. Rejected for military 58 Franz Schubert service because of his short stature, he continued as a schoolmaster until The numerous compositions he wrote between and are remarkable for their style, originality, and imagination. Besides five string quartets, there were three full-scale masses and three symphonies.
But at this period song composition was his chief interest. On Oct. The following year brought the composition of more than songs. The many unfinished fragments and sketches of songs left by Schubert provide some insight into the working of his creative mind. The primary stimulus was melodic; the words of a poem engendered a tune.
Harmony chordal structure of a composition and modulation change of key were then suggested by the contours of the melody. These features were fully present in the songs of During that year Schubert also was preoccupied with a number of ill-fated operas. In Schubert took a leave of absence from his duties as school headmaster, and during his teaching hiatus he met the baritone Johann Michael Vogl. But this period of freedom did not last, and in the autumn of Schubert returned to his teaching duties.
The leave, however, had been particularly fruitful. There were two more symphonies: No. A fourth mass, inCmajor, was composed in The year is notable for the beginning of his masterly series of piano sonatas.
Six were composed while staying at the home of life-long friend Franz von Schober, the finest being No. He had found the position frustrating, and in the spring of that year he had produced only one substantial work, the Symphony No. In the meantime his reputation was growing, however, and the first public performance of one of his works, the Italian Overture in C Major, took place on March 1,, in Vienna. There he composed the first of his widely known instrumental compositions, the Piano Sonata in A Major, D.
The melodious overture became famous as the Rosamunde overture. At the close of the year , Schubert composed the Quartettsatz Quartet- Movement in C Minor, heralding the great string quartets of the middle s, and another popular piece, the motet for female voices on the text of Psalm XXIII. In November of the same year Schubert composed a piano fantasia and completed the Mass in A-flat Major. At the close of Schubert contracted a venereal disease, and the following year was one of illness and retirement.
He continued to write almost incessantly In February he wrote the Piano Sonata in A Minor , and in April he made another attempt to gain success in Viennese theatres with the one-act operetta Die Verschworenen The Conspirators , the title being changed later to Der hausliche Krieg Domestic Warfare. Schubert spent part of the summer in the hospital and probably started work—while still a 61 The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time patient—on his most ambitious opera, Fierrabras.
Schubert was ill, penniless, and plagued by a sense of failure early in In desperate need of money, he returned in the summer to his teaching post with the Esterhazy family and in May went again to Zseliz. Once more his health and spirits revived. During these years his songs were frequently performed. Publication proceeded rapidly, and his financial position, though still strained, was at any rate eased. This is the period of the Lady of the Lake songs, including the once popular but later neglected Ave Maria.
Instrumental compositions are the piano sonatas in A Minor and in D Major, the latter composed at Badgastein. Last Years The resignation of Salieri as imperial Kapellmeister musical director in had led to the promotion of his deputy, Josef Eybler.
In Schubert applied for the vacant post of deputy Kapellmeister, but in spite of strong support by several influential people he was unsuccessful. From then 62 Franz Schubert until his death two years later he seems to have let matters drift.
Neither by application for professional posts nor submission of operatic work did he seek to establish himself. In he composed the first 12 songs of the cycle Winterreise Winter Journey.
In September Schubert spent a short holiday in Graz. This is the period of his piano solos, the Impromptus and Moments musicaux. A succession of masterpieces marks the last year of his life. Early in the year he composed the greatest of his piano duets, the Fantasy in F Minor.
In June he worked at his sixth mass—in E-flat Major. A return to songwriting in August produced the series published together as the Schwanengesang Swan Song. The only public concert Schubert gave took place on March 26, It was both artistically and financially a 63 The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time success, and the impecunious composer was at last able to buy himself a piano. At the end of August he moved into lodgings with his brother Ferdinand.
In his music Mendelssohn largely observed Classical models and practices while initiating key aspects of Romanticism— the artistic movement that exalted feeling and the imagination above rigid forms and traditions.
Though the Mendelssohns were proud of their ancestry, they considered it desirable, in accordance with 19th- century liberal ideas, to mark their emancipation from the ghetto by adopting the Christian faith. Accordingly Felix, together with his brother and two sisters, was baptized in his youth as a Lutheran Christian. When the fortune of this relative passed to the Mendelssohns, his name was adopted by them. In , during the French occupation of Hamburg, the family had moved to Berlin, where Mendelssohn studied the piano with Ludwig Berger and composition with K.
His personality was nourished by a broad knowledge of the arts and was also stimulated by learning and scholarship. He traveled with his sister to Paris, where he took further piano lessons and where he appears to have become acquainted with the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Mendelssohn was an extremely precocious musical composer. He wrote numerous compositions during his boyhood, among them 5 operas, 11 symphonies for string orchestra, concerti, sonatas, and fugues. He made his first public appearance in — at the age of nine—in Berlin. In Mendelssohn was taken to Weimar to meet J. Bach and Mozart and to whom he dedicated his Piano Quartet No. A remarkable friendship developed between the aging poet and the year-old musician.
Mendelssohn also became active as a conductor. Matthew Passion, thus inaugurating the Bach revival of the 19th and 20th centuries. Meanwhile he had visited Switzerland and had met Carl Maria von Weber, whose opera Der Freischiitz encouraged him to develop a national character in music.
In the spring of Mendelssohn made his first journey to England, conducting his Symphony No. Between and he traveled in Germany, Austria, Italy, and Switzerland and, in , returned to London, where he conducted the Hebrides Overture and where he published the first book of the piano music he called Lieder ohne Worte Songs Without Words , completed in Venice in And he became endeared to the English musical public in other ways. Later the popularity of his oratorio Elijah, first produced at Birmingham in , established 67 The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time Mendelssohn as a composer whose influence on English music equaled that of George Frideric Handel.
Later generations of English composers, enamoured of Richard Wagner, Claude Debussy, or Igor Stravinsky, revolted against the domination of Mendelssohn and condemned the sentimentality of his lesser works. At Diisseldorf, too, he began his first oratorio, St. Marriage and Maturity In Mendelssohn was overcome by the death of his father, Abraham, whose dearest wish had been that his son should complete St.
He accordingly plunged into this work with renewed determination and the following year conducted it at Diisseldorf. Though she was no more than 16, they became engagedandweremarriedonMarch28, Indeed, Fanny was not only a composer in her own right—she had herself written some of the Songs Without Words attributed to her brother—but she seems to have exercised, by her sisterly companionship, a powerful influence on the development of his inner musical nature.
Though he normally worked rapidly, this final expression of his lyrical genius compelled his arduous attention over the next six years. Visits to London and Birmingham followed, entailing an increasing number of engagements.
These would hardly have affected his normal health; he had always lived on this feverish level. But at Frankfurt in May he was greatly saddened by the death of Fanny. His energies deserted him, and, following the rupture of a blood vessel, he soon died. When Frederic was eight months old, Nicholas became a French teacher at the Warsaw lyceum. Chopin himself attended the lyceum from to Chopin started piano lessons at age 7 with the year- old Wojciech Zywny, an all-around musician with an astute sense of values.
Chopin was soon invited to play at private soirees, and at age 8 he made his first public appearance at a charity concert. Three years later he performed in the presence of the Russian tsar Alexander I, who was in Warsaw to open Parliament. Other polonaises, mazurkas, variations, ecossaises, and a rondo followed, with the result that, when he was 16, his family enrolled him at the newly formed Warsaw Conservatory of Music.
This school was directed by the Polish composer Joseph Eisner, with whom Chopin already had been studying musical theory. At the conservatory he was put through a solid course of instruction in harmony and composition; in piano playing he was allowed to develop a high degree of individuality Chopin made his performance debut in Vienna in A second concert confirmed his success, and on his return home he prepared himself for further achievements abroad by writing his Piano Concerto No.
His first etudes were also written at this time to enable him and others to master the technical difficulties in his new style of piano playing. He had gone no farther than Vienna when news reached him of the Polish revolt against Russian rule; this event, added to the disturbed state of Europe, caused him to remain profitlessly in Vienna until the following July, when he decided to make his way to Paris. Soon after his arrival in what was then the centre of European culture and in the midst of its own late-flowering Romantic movement, Chopin realized that he had found the milieu in which his genius could flourish.
He quickly established ties with many Polish emigres and with a younger generation of composers, including Franz Liszt and Hector Berlioz. Chopin decided to settle in Paris to pursue teaching and composing.
However, with his elegant manners, fastidious dress, and innate sensitivity, Chopin soon found himself a favourite in the great houses of Paris, both as a recitalist and as a teacher. In Chopin met for the first time the novelist Aurore Dudevant, better known as George Sand; their liaison began in the summer of That autumn he set off with her and her children, Maurice and Solange, to winter on the island of Majorca. They rented a simple villa and were idyllically happy until the sunny weather broke and Chopin became ill.
When rumours of tuberculosis reached the villa owner, they were ordered out and could find accommodations only in a monastery in the remote village ofValldemosa. Sand realized that only immediate departure would save his life.
They arrived at Marseille in early March , and, thanks to a skilled physician, Chopin was sufficiently recovered after just under three months for them to start planning a return to Paris. For a 72 Frederic Chopin regular source of income, he again turned to private teaching. There was also a growing demand for his new works, and, since he had become increasingly shrewd in his dealings with publishers, he could afford to live elegantly Health was a recurrent worry, and every summer Sand took him to Nohant for fresh air and relaxation.
Chopin produced much of his most-searching music there, not only miniatures but also extended works, such as the Fantaisie in F Minor composed , the Barcarolle , the Polonaise-Fantaisie , the ballades in A-flat major and F minor , and the Sonata in B Minor He seemed particularly anxious to develop his ideas into longer and more complex arguments, and he even sent to Paris for treatises by musicologists to strengthen his counterpoint.
His harmonic vocabulary at this period also grew much more daring. By the rift between him and Sand was complete, and pride prevented either from effecting the reconciliation they both actually desired.
Thereafter Chopin seems to have given up his struggle with ill health. Broken in spirit and depressed by the revolution that had broken out in Paris in February , Chopin accepted an invitation to visit England and Scotland. He returned to Paris, where he died the following year. July 31,, Bayreuth, Ger. H ungarian musician Franz Liszt was one of the greatest piano virtuosi of all time and also was a respected composer of the Romantic period.
Among his many notable compositions are his 12 symphonic poems, two completed piano concerti, several sacred choral works, and a great variety of solo piano pieces. Adam Liszt was a talented amateur musician who played the cello in the court concerts.
By the time Franz was five years old he was already attracted to the piano and was soon given lessons by his father. He began to show interest in both church and Gypsy music. He developed into a religious child, also because of the influence of his father, who during his youth had spent two years in the Franciscan order.
Franz began to compose at the age of eight. When only nine he made his first public appearance as a concert pianist at Sopron and Pozsony now Bratislava, Slovakia.
His playing so impressed the local Hungarian magnates that they put up the money to pay for his musical education for the next six years.
Adam took Franz to Vienna, where he had piano lessons with Carl Czerny, a composer and pianist who had been a pupil of Ludwig van Beethoven, and studied 74 Franz Liszt composition with Antonio Salieri, the musical director at the Viennese court. Other concerts quickly followed, as well as a visit to London in June.
He toured England again the following year, visiting Manchester, where his New Grand Overture was performed for the first time. This piece was used as the overture to his one-act opera Don Sanche, which was performed at the Paris Opera on Oct. In he toured France and Switzerland, returning to England again in the following year. Suffering from nervous exhaustion, Liszt went with his father to Boulogne to take seabaths to improve his health; there Adam died of typhoid fever. Liszt returned to Paris and sent for his mother to join him; she had gone back to the Austrian province of Styria during his tours.
In , while living mainly as a piano teacher in Paris, Liszt fell ill and subsequently underwent a long period of depression and doubt about his career. For more than a year he did not touch the piano. During this period Liszt took an active dislike to the career of a virtuoso. He made up for his previous lack of education by reading widely, and he came into contact with many of the leading artists of the day.
With the July Revolution of resulting in the coronation of Louis-Philippe, he sketched out a Revolutionary Symphony. Between and he met three men who were to have a great influence on his artistic life. At the end of he first met Hector Berlioz and heard the first performance of his Symphonie fantastique. From Berlioz he inherited the command of the Romantic orchestra and also the diabolic quality that remained in his work thereafter.
In March he heard Niccolo Paganini play for the first time. At this time he also met Frederic Chopin, whose poetical style of music exerted a profound influence on Liszt. In she left her husband and family to join Liszt in Switzerland; their first daughter, Blandine, was born in Geneva on December He also taught at the newly founded Geneva Conservatory and published a series of essays, On the Position of Artists, in which he endeavoured to raise the status of the artist in society.
He also wrote the first mature version of the Transcendental Etudes , ; these are works for solo piano based on his youthful Etude en 48 exercices, but here transformed into pieces of terrifying virtuosity.
Liszt then returned to his career as a virtuoso. For the next eight years Liszt traveled all over Europe, giving concerts in countries as far apart as Ireland, Portugal, Turkey, and Russia.
His visit to Hungary in , the first since his boyhood, was an important event. His renewed interest in the music of the Gypsies laid the foundations for his Hungarian Rhapsodies and other piano pieces composed in the Hungarian style.
He also wrote a cantata for the Beethoven Festival of and composed some smaller choral works. She quickly persuaded him to give up his career as a virtuoso and to concentrate on composition.
He gave his final concert at Yelizavetgrad Kirovograd in September of that year. Having been director of music extraordinary to the Weimar court in Germany since , and having conducted concerts there since , Liszt decided to settle there permanently in He was later joined by the princess, who had unsuccessfully tried to 77 The ioo Most Influential Musicians of All Time obtain a divorce from her husband.
A third piano concerto, in E-flat, composed in , was not discovered until During the period in Weimar Liszt also composed the Totentanz for piano and orchestra and revised the Transcendental and Paganini Etudes and the first two books of the Anne'es depelerinage.
The grand duke who originally appointed Liszt in Weimar died in , and his successor took little interest in music. Liszt resigned five years later, and, though he remained in Weimar until , his position there became more and more difficult.
His son, Daniel, had died in at the age of In May i the princess had left Weimar for Rome in the hope of having her divorce sanctioned by the pope. He left Weimar in August of the following year, and, after traveling to Berlin and Paris, he arrived in Rome.
Eight Years in Rome Lor the next eight years Liszt lived mainly in Rome and occupied himself more and more with religious music. He completed the oratorios Die Eegende von der heiligen Elisabeth and Christus and a number of smaller works. He hoped to create a new kind of religious 78 Franz Liszt music that would be more direct and moving than the rather sentimental style popular at the time.
In his daughter Blandine died at the age of Liszt wrote his variations on a theme from the J. Last Years In Liszt was invited to return to Weimar by the grand duke to give master classes in piano playing, and two years later he was asked to do the same in Budapest.
From then until the end of his life he divided his time between Rome, Weimar, and Budapest. His music began to lose some of its brilliant quality and became starker, more introverted, and more experimental in style.
In Liszt left Rome for the last time. He attended concerts of his works in Budapest, Liege, and Paris and then went to London, where several concerts of his works were given. He then went on to Antwerp, Paris, and Weimar, and he played for the last time at a concert in Luxembourg on July Two days later he arrived in Bayreuth for the annual Bayreuth festival.
His health had not been good for some months, and he went to bed with a high fever, though he still managed to attend two performances. Impulsive and self- willed, he was a negligent scholar at the Kreuzschule, Dresden, and the Nicholaischule, Leipzig. Wagner enrolled at Leipzig University, where he applied himself earnestly to composition. On leaving the university that year, he spent the summer as operatic coach at Wurzburg, where he composed his first opera, Die Feen The Fairies , based on a fantastic tale by Carlo Gozzi.
He failed to get the opera produced at Leipzig and became conductor to a provincial theatrical troupe from Magdeburg, having fallen in love with one of the actresses of the troupe, Wilhelmine Minna Planer, whom he married in In , fleeing from his creditors, he decided to put into operation his long-cherished plan to win renown in Paris, 80 Richard Wagner but his three years in Paris were calamitous.
Living with a colony of poor German artists, he staved off starvation by means of musical journalism and hackwork. In , aged 29, he gladly returned to Dresden, where Rienzi was triumphantly performed on October But Wagner was appointed conductor of the court opera, a post that he held until His proposals would have taken control of the opera away from the court and created a national theatre whose productions would be chosen by a union of dramatists and composers.
Preoccupied with ideas of social regeneration, he then became embroiled in the German revolution of He ultimately fled from Germany, unable to attend the first performance of Lohengrin at Weimar, given on Aug.
Exile For the next 15 years Wagner was not to present any further new works. The latter outlined a new, revolutionary type of musical stage work— the vast work, in fact, on which he was engaged.
The new art form would be a poetic drama that should find full expression as a musical drama set to a continuous vocal-symphonic texture. With his use of this method, Wagner rose immediately to his amazing full stature: his style became unified and deepened immeasurably, and he was able to fill his works from end to end with intensely characteristic music. Also, his optimistic social philosophy had yielded to a metaphysical, world-renouncing pessimism. Wagner completed Tristan in Venice and in Lucerne, Switzerland.
The work revealed a new subtlety in his use of leading motives, which in Das Rhinegold and Die Walkiire he had used mainly to explain the action of the drama. The leading motives in Tristan ceased to remain neatly identifiable with their dramatic sources but worked with greater psychological complexity. Return from Exile In he went to Vienna and remained there about a year before traveling widely as a conductor while awaiting a projected production of Tristan.
By , however, he had to flee from Vienna to avoid imprisonment for debt. Something like a miracle saved him. During this time Wagner constantly ran into debt, and he also attempted to interfere in the government of the kingdom. She bore him three children—Isolde, Eva, and Siegfried—before her divorce in and her marriage to Wagner that year.
For all these reasons, Wagner thought it advisable to leave Munich. Last Years in Bayreuth In Wagner had resumed work on The Ring, which he now brought to its world-renouncing conclusion. Having discovered a suitable site at the Bavarian town of Bayreuth, he toured Germany, conducting concerts to raise funds to support the plan, and in the foundation stone was laid.
The Ring received its triumphant first complete 84 Richard Wagner performance in the new Festspielhaus at Bayreuth on Aug. Wagner spent the rest of his life at Wahnfried, making a visit to London in to give a successful series of concerts and then making several to Italy During these years he composed his last work, the sacred festival drama Parsifal , begun in and produced at Bayreuth in He died of heart failure, at the height of his fame, and was buried in the grounds of Wahnfried in the tomb he had himself prepared.
Early Years Born to a poor family, Verdi showed unusual musical talent at an early age. A local amateur musician named Antonio Barezzi helped him with his education. He stayed there for three years, then served as musical director in Busseto for two years before returning to Milan. By , just as he had established a reputation and begun to make money, he was discouraged by personal tragedies. Within a three-year period his wife and both of his children died.
Nabucco succeeded sensationally, and Verdi at age 28 became the new hero of Italian music. The work sped across Italy and the whole world of opera; within a decade it had reached as far as St. Petersburg and Buenos Aires, Argentina. There followed a period during which Verdi drove himself to produce nearly two operas a year. The latter became the only work of this period to gain a steady place in the opera repertory worldwide. Bolso Bandolera para Mujer. Blanco Blanco. Un Casual en cuir. Zapatillas Planas de Moda para Mujer.
Posted by N-A Zapatillas de Ducha. Posted by Glide Ultra Posted by? Posted by?? Posted by Lishui Yingte Bearing Co. Hangzhou Kaifeng Sanitary Ware Co. Posted by 3. Posted by China Laiwu Huaya Polymer Sci. Posted by Golden One Co. Posted by 1. Hebei Aicrowe Biotech Co. Posted by 8. What is Mini LED? Jiangyin Deshun Hydraulic Machinery Co. Guangzhou Aoqi Inflatables Co. Hengli Eletek Co.
Mach, Z. Kub ; texty A. Stomp Off, Let's Go! Acker Bilk - [S. III :. Sonate nr. Ice Hits. Cordner - J. Rudolph - Saar srl,p Greatest Hits. Muggerund, L. Freese, S. Reyes - Ruffhouse Rec. Muggerud - Ruffhouse Rec. Complete Piano Works. Swan Lake : Suite from the Ballet, Op. Tschaikowski - Bella Musica 1 audiodisk Di Agostino Dance Remixes1 - Smake's Music 1 audiodisk. Feelgood - EMI Rec.
Jaro a touha op. Of Growing Madness.. Peteraj SR :Jumbo Rec.
❿
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Microsoft Office 2019-, 2021- tai 365-ohjelmiston etsiminen ja aktivointi Dell-tietokoneessa - Aktivasi office windows 10
Looking for: Aktivasi office windows 10 Click here to DOWNLOAD Aktivasi office windows 10 - The slmgr.vbs script In the Search...
-
Looking for: Windows 10 1703 download iso itapdb army Click here to DOWNLOAD ❿ . Windows 10 1703 download iso itapdb army Ho...
-
Looking for: Windows 10 professional iso 64 bit download Click here to DOWNLOAD Windows 10 professional iso 64 bit download Do...
-
Looking for: Windows 10 1703 download iso italy traveling wilburys Click here to DOWNLOAD ❿ 山下社会保険労務士事務所へようこそ Agreat admirer...
No comments:
Post a Comment